Patch note highlights: 1.0.0.129/Fizz
Full patch notes

    This patch contains one of the most major changes League has seen in a while - a total overhaul of all three mastery trees, and some significant alterations to all summoner spells as well. Most notably, summoner spells are now categorized into three groups (offensive, defensive, and utility), and a single-point mastery in each tree will grant the upgraded forms of all Summoner Spells in that group.
     There are also a couple of new 3-point masteries that give statistics previously not obtainable outside of in-game items or champion abilities - Vampirism in the Offense tree, which gives up to 3% life steal, and Transmutation in the Utility tree, which does the same for spell vamp.
     Given all the new possibilities opened up by the new mastery trees, the other changes in this patch seem fairly insignificant (and in some cases, actually are). Akali's passive has taken a hit from the nerf bat; the initial bonuses (down to 8% from 10%) as well as the growth ratios (1% per 6 of the relevant stat instead of 1% per 5) of both disciplines have been reduced. Graves also got knocked down a peg, with his autoattack range, base mana, and Buckshot bonus damage all reduced.
     On the other hand, Kassadin's Force Pulse got a buff to its early-rank damage - up to 80 damage from 60 at rank one, with an additional bonus over its previous amount of 5 fewer damage per rank until levelling out with the same damage at rank 5. I'm interested to see how this affects his early game on the Crystal Scar, where he was already fairly dominant. Keep in mind, however, that Null Sphere took a hit to its range of just over 7% to compensate. Malphite also got a couple buffs to his base armor and ability cooldowns.
     Katarina's Shunpo has been slightly reworked. It will now teleport you in front of the target, unless Killer Instincts is active, in which case it will teleport you behind them instead. Similarly, Olaf's ultimate, Ragnarok, has become even more powerful and now makes him immune to both blinds and silences - as blinding Olaf was previously a fairly reliable hard counter to him, I expect Olaf to be a much harder opponent to handle going forward.
     The nerfs to AP-stacking Sion discussed in the Patch Note Preview video are less far-reaching than implied - both of his AP ratios have been reduced from 1:1 to .9:1 (in other words, a Sion with 100 AP will have his damage from each ability reduced by 10). I don't see this as much of a nerf to any but late-game, pure AP Sion players.
     Some notable changes to items also took place. The life steal granted by Wriggle's Lantern has been reduced by 3% (presumably this change is related to the new Vampirism mastery). Meanwhile, Warmog's Armor has been removed from the list of purchasable items in Dominion - a sensible change given the conflicting natures of the gametype and the item in question - and the Dominion-only item Priscilla's Blessing has been removed from the game entirely.
     As a final note for this highlights review, the long-standing bug that prevented allied portraits from updating with their health, etc. when they weren't on screen has at last been fixed. This bug in particular has frustrated me for a long, long time, and I'm very happy to finally see it go - it should make timing abilities like Soraka's ultimate much less of a hassle!

Patch note highlights: 1.0.0.124/Talon
Full patch notes

    I can't honestly say this surprises me, but it appears that the community's initial reaction to the Jax nerf was overblown. What we're actually dealing with is a 15 base damage reduction to to both Leap Strike and Empower at all ranks. This should help to stop him from taking out half of people's HP in one hit at extremely early levels without significantly affecting his late game power.
    Kayle got some small buffs to her attack damage and speed gains per level. In addition, Reckoning was buffed pretty noticably - it now carries a 1:1 bonus AD ratio in addition to it's current 1:1 AP ratio, and the damage amplification now starts at 6% and increases by 1% each rank, ending with 10% damage amplification at rank 5. Quite a step up from the flat 5% she's been working with for the last month.
    Most people are probably aware of the sustain (read: healer) nerfs that were planned for this patch - now we have some actual numbers to work with. The biggest hits seem to have gone into the AP ratios for healing abilities, most of which were nearly halved. The actual base heals were mostly untouched - Nidalee and Sona got some minor nerfs to theirs, Taric's Imbue was left alone, and the base amount healed by Soraka's  Astral Blessing was actually increased, as well as its armor buff amount and duration.
    In combination with the buffs that the healing gang got in other areas, this should be a relatively painless nerf, with lane sustain being pushed down to a more manageble level while at the same time giving healers things to do other than simply "stand back, push button, wait for cooldown." I'm excited to try out a more offensive Soraka build utilizing Malady, and Nidalee's Cougar Form looks much more viable than it used to.
    Lastly, there were a number of improvements to both the client and in-game UIs. Most notably, YouTube videos for champion and summoner spotlights, etc., will now be embedded into the client main page, shop browsing has been yet again improved, and the "kill callout" system Riot has been touting for the past couple of weeks (which should make it easier to keep track of kills and deaths in hectic teamfights) has finally been implemented.